We know him by two means: first, by the creation, preservation and government of the universe; which is before our eyes as a most elegant book, wherein all creatures, great and small, are as so many characters leading us to contemplate the invisible things of God, namely, His power and divinity, as the apostle Paul saith, Romans 1:20. All which things are sufficient to convince men, and leave them without excuse. Secondly, He makes Himself more clearly and fully known to us by His holy and divine Word, that is to say, as far as is necessary for us to know in this life, to His glory and our salvation.
HOW THE BIBLE WAS COMPOSED
Christians believe that the Bible was composed as a result of God superintending certain people, whom He at times: (i) commanded to write His words (Exod. 17:14); or (ii) directed them to record certain historic accounts from their perspective (Num. 33:2); or (iii) guided them to record their prayers and devotional reflections (eg. Psalm 48); or (iv) had them document their verbalised worship of God which could be sung by others (eg. Ps. 9:2); or (v) write letters to address errors and wrong practices among certain believers (eg. Paul’s epistles to churches); or, (vi) write down certain visions they may have received from the Lord (eg. Daniel 10:8ff; Rev. 1:11ff). God also used editors and compilers to produce and preserve parts of His Word (eg. First and Second Kings). For example, king Hezekiah’s scribes had access to some of king Solomon’s proverbs which they compiled together. “These also are proverbs of Solomon which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied” (Prov. 25:1). It also believed that the five books comprising the Psalms, which originated after the Jews return from their exile, was compiled by Ezra who contributed two of the one hundred fifty psalms (Psalm 1 and 119).
HOW THE BIBLE WAS DIVINELY INSPIRED
The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy is a written statement of belief formulated by more than 200 evangelical leaders at a conference convened by the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy and held in Chicago in October 1978. These theologians and church leaders formulated a statement of 19 declarations.
“Holy Scripture, being God’s own Word, written by men prepared and superintended by His Spirit,
is of infallible divine authority in all matters upon which it touches: it is to be believed,
as God’s instruction, in all that it affirms, obeyed, as God’s command, in all that it requires;
embraced, as God’s pledge, in all that it promises”
(The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, Shorter Statement Article 2).
The Bible was composed by God’s superintending of its composition. Having noted that this included God directly revealing His Word to some whom He then commanded to write it down (eg. Rev. 1:11; 14:13; 19:9), we also noted that God directed, led, guided, and moved (2 Pet. 1:21) certain others to write His Word to mankind. This was done by His Holy Spirit “breathing” upon these writers. “All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work” (2 Tim. 3:16-17). It therefore appears that some of those used by God to write His Word were aware that this would be result. “The vision of the evenings and the mornings that has been told is true, but seal up the vision, for it refers to many days from now…But you, Daniel, shut up the words and seal the book, until the time of the end. Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase” (Dan. 8:26; 12:4). While others may not have been aware of this. “To the rest I say (I, not the Lord) that if any brother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he should not divorce her” (1 Cor. 7:12).
The mystery of how God inspired His Word extends to biblical writers sharing their lack of knowledge of certain events and the Holy Spirit ensuring that this inability to recall was recorded accurately and honestly. For example, “(I did baptize also the household of Stephanas. Beyond that, I do not know whether I baptized anyone else)” (1 Cor. 1:16). At other times, it is even the same author who is not aware that they are writing what the Spirit has said, but what they are writing comes from the omniscient mind of God! “Now the Spirit expressly says that in later times some will depart from the faith by devoting themselves to deceitful spirits and teachings of demons, through the insincerity of liars whose consciences are seared, who forbid marriage and require abstinence from foods that God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth” (1 Tim. 4:1-3).
HOW THE BIBLE IS INFALLIBLE
Christians do not consider that the Bible was divinely mechanically dictated to its writers (unlike Muslims who claim this about their Qur’an). Rather, the Bible’s intended meaning was divinely inspired and infallible (incapable of being wrong) in a way that it is not entirely dependent upon a precise series of words. This feature of the Bible’s divine inspiration has enabled it to be translated into any language from its original source languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek). Translators strive for precision in what the original autographs resembled by doing textual criticism (comparing all the known ancient manuscripts of the Biblical documents to ascertain where scribes and copyists had made errors) and incorporating any new discoveries of more ancient and reliable manuscripts.
Being wholly and verbally God-given, Scripture is without error or fault in all its teaching,
no less in what it states about God’s acts in creation, about the events of world history,
and about its own literary origins under God, than in its witness to God’s saving grace in individual lives.
(The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, Shorter Statement, Article 4)
As our scientific knowledge of the natural world increases, and confirmation of historic events described in the Bible based on archaeological discoveries including discoveries of ancient near eastern (ANE) writings (sometimes recorded on earthenware pottery and tablets) have silenced the criticisms of the Bible’s reliability from yesteryear. For example, the Bible’s scientific claims – such as the creation of the world out of nothing, now referred to scientifically as the Big Bang, was once mocked by critics such as Sir Fred Hoyle (professor of astronomy, Cambridge University) prior to the mid-twentieth century before Edwin Hubble’s discovery of “red shift” was confirmed that the universe must have indeed had a beginning.
In recent times, critics of the Bible have mocked its sexual ethics, particularly its prohibitions against homosexuality and formication, as being out-of-date and written by ‘unenlightened’ people. Some, who claim to be Christians and who affirm that the Bible is indeed God’s Word, yet practice homosexuality, often assert that those parts of the Bible which condemn homosexuality are not divinely inspired. The problem these “gay Christians” have is the irreconcilable words of Christ about gender, sexuality, and marriage in Matthew 15:19-20, “For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, slander. These are what defile a person. But to eat with unwashed hands does not defile anyone” and Matthew 19:4-6, “He answered, “Have you not read that he who created them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, ‘Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh’? So they are no longer two but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.” Many ‘gay Christians’ such as activist Matthew Vines now admit that the Bible can not be used to make their case for the compatibility of homosexuality and Christianity.
The Bible’s infallibility is also frequently challenged by those responding to faulty interpretations of the Scriptures, rather than what the Bible actually teaches. For example, as Prof. Daniel Graetzer (Professor of Natural Science and Mathematics, Northwest University, Kirkland Washington) points out, there are things assumed by some Christians which are not stated in the Bible (such as the age of the universe, or the age of our planet, or the date of when homo sapiens appeared on earth) yet are declared as if it does. He notes, “A significant minority of scientists hold this view…The YEC [Young Earth Creation] view is also popular among laypersons who vary in their grasp of the scientific issues involved” (Studies in Human Biology, p. 34).
Often the criticisms of the Bible made by its opponents are based on an interpretation of what it says rather than what it actually says. This is why it is important to understand the principles of hermeneutics – the art and science of interpreting literature – which accommodates how we understand poetry, metaphors, similes, and hyperboles. For example, no one believes that Jesus was claiming He had door-frame hinges just because He said He was a “door”! “So Jesus again said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep” (John 10:7).
WHY THE BIBLE IS AUTHORITATIVE
The Bible is authoritative because it claims to be the Word of God. “This God—His way is perfect; the word of the LORD proves true; He is a shield for all those who take refuge in Him” (Psa. 18:30). The prophets whom God used to write His Word specifically describe these moments of divine inspiration with the expression, “Then the word of the Lord came to me” (for eg. Jer. 42:7; 43:8; Ezek. 1:3; 3:16; 6:1; 7:1; 11:14; 12:1;13:1; 14:2). Jesus described the record of these divinely inspired messages as “the word of God” (Matt. 15:6) and referred to it as “Scripture” (‘the writings’) and declared that “Scripture cannot be broken” (John 10:35). Jesus also stated that the “Scripture must be fulfilled” in Him (Luke 22:37; John 13:18; Acts 1:16).
In the New Testament epistles we have internal references to the teaching of the apostles recorded in the Bible as Scripture which the writer of Second Peter states, “Our beloved brother Paul also wrote to you according to the wisdom given him, as he does in all his letters when he speaks in them of these matters. There are some things in them that are hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other Scriptures” (2 Pet. 3:15b-16).
We affirm that the text of Scripture is to be interpreted by grammatico-historicaI exegesis,
taking account of its literary forms and devices, and that Scripture is to interpret Scripture.
We deny the legitimacy of any treatment of the text or quest for sources lying behind it
that leads to relativizing, dehistoricizlng, or discounting its teaching, or rejecting its claims to authorship.
(The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, Shorter Statement, Article XVIII)
Within the sixty-six books of Scriptures we have a unified and coherent revelation from God about His identity as the Creator, the Law-giver, the Redeemer, the Saviour, and the Final Judge. Its sixty-six books tell one story – God’s plan of redemption and conquest over and ultimate vanquishing of evil. Within the Scripture is the revelation of how to be reconciled to God by having our sins forgiven through Christ. It is the Scriptures which assure us that we have one mediator between us and God the Father – Jesus the Christ (1 Tim. 2:5; Heb. 9:15; 12:24) through whom we can directly appeal. It is within the Scriptures that we find the commands of God for how we are to live, conduct our lives, order our affairs, treat others, and prioritise our worship of God. Thus, we are not permitted to just be “hearers” of God’s Word, we are to accept its authority and be compliant with its commands and imperatives (Rom. 2:13; 1 Tim. 4:16; James 1:22-23) – because it is the Word of God. Has God spoken to us in His written Word? We trust that He has! Does the world know what it says? I doubt it. This is why we need to tell them and declare, “Thus saith the Lord!”
Your Pastor,
Andrew
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Now the 600 men of the Danites, armed with their weapons of war, stood by the entrance of the gate. And the five men who had gone to scout out the land went up and entered and took the carved image, the ephod, the household gods, and the metal image, while the priest stood by the entrance of the gate with the 600 men armed with weapons of war. And when these went into Micah's house and took the carved image, the ephod, the household gods, and the metal image, the priest said to them, "What are you doing?" And they said to him, "Keep quiet; put your hand on your mouth and come with us and be to us a father and a priest. Is it better for you to be priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and clan in Israel?"
Jesus of Nazareth asserted that the Scriptures were uniquely authoritative and divinely inspired (Jn. 10:35; 13:18). It's not that the Bible contains the Word of God - it is the Word of God. Jesus claimed that He and the Father were "one" (John 10:30). Thus, Jesus is the Inspirer of the entire Bible - including all of the Old Testament. He shocked His original audience claiming that everything in the Old Testament pointed to Him -
The twenty seven books of the New Testament were recognised very early as being unique from other documents and began appearing in lists as early as the Second Century. This list of the 27 New Testament books was confimed or assumed by numerous Ecumenical Church Councils from Nicea. The books accepted as the Canon of the New Testament became the basis for the Church, its role, its mission and its officers. This historical fact should instantly dismiss the false claim that it was the Roman Catholic Church which instituted the Canon of Scripture at the Council of Trent (1545) and buttress the position of the Reformers who taught "Sola Scriptura" (the Scriptures alone - the Bible has the highest authority on earth to reveal the Word, ways and will of God).
The New Testament writers were aware that what became the 27 books of the New Testament was divinely inspired and uniquely authoritative. Thus, although the Apostle Paul wrote many epistles which do not appear in the NT Canon (since he refers to them in his Canonical epistles) they are not included in the list of divinely inspired books - because they were not divinely inspired. But Paul could say -
And perhaps, for some, the most persuasive corroborating proof of the Bible's divine inspiration is that its experience claims can be put to the test. When the Bible describes the world and the human condition, it does so accurately and every human heart can attest to it. The Bible shows us not only that there is something with the world, but whythere is something wrong with the world. But it then goes beyond this and addresses the unscratched itch, the deepest ache, and the greatest longing of every human heart by revealing God's gracious provision of the answer to every man, woman, boy and girl who has ever lived. This solution is utterly testable. The Bible points us back to God in prayer and guides us to confess our sin, ask for forgiveness, and receive the gracious offer of God's forgiveness wrought by the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. It then goes on to explain how we can find true happiness, ultimate peace, and the significance and fulfilment we are all looking for.